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[转帖]影响中国历史的十大宴会 [复制链接]

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荣誉勋章 火爆大贴勋章

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发表于 2006-11-15 00:22:28 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">影响中国历史的十大宴会<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">作者:袁春久<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">发表日期:</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="7" month="11" year="2006"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日</span></chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一、荒淫之宴:纣王的酒池肉林</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体;">&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">纣王和妲己这一对狗男女穷淫极奢,让人挖了一个<span lang="EN-US">10</span>丈长,<span lang="EN-US">5</span>丈宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">丈深的大池子,当游泳池吗?不是,倒满了酒,又让人宰杀了数百头牲畜、飞禽、猎物,把它们最鲜嫩的部分切下来,精心烤炙,然后悬挂起来,这就是酒池肉林,当然还没有完,他让一百名宫女和一百名宫奴(不是太监),赤身裸体穿梭期间,舞蹈嬉戏或学动物状俯首翘臀饮酒吃肉。纣王和妲己看着这个<span lang="EN-US">A</span>片真人秀,哈哈大笑,但是只觉得过瘾,并不刺激,又捉来几名怀疑有二心的大臣,让他们走一根烧红了得铜柱子,这又叫炮烙之刑。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">  <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">历史影响<span lang="EN-US">:</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一个<personname wst="on" productid="国家一个">国家一个</personname>君王到了这一步,离灭亡也就不远了,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">纣王的荒淫终于使商朝毁灭了,他本人也被作为了<personname wst="on" productid="暴">暴</personname>君的代名词,酒池肉林也被作为了最为奢侈的生活的比喻,成为了以<personname wst="on" productid="后">后</personname>君王引以为戒的教训。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">:商之后的周朝的国宴是熊油拌米饭,商朝大概也差不多,那时候的烹调技术和调味品有限,最好吃的东东大概就是烤肉,胡椒孜然还要等<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>年,辣椒还要等<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年才能传入中国,烤肉时大概只能洒从东夷人(也就是咱们胶东啦)那里得到的海盐作为调料。酒是较为原始的米酒,但是也不一定难喝,应该有些象现代陕西的稠酒。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">二、勇者之宴:专诸刺王僚</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体;">&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">春秋晚期,吴国的王僚篡夺了他侄子公子光的王位,公子光决定夺回王位,他听从了吴子胥的建议,收养了一名勇士专诸,让他学习西湖大鲤鱼的做法。这一天公子光请王僚到府上赴宴,说他有个厨子很会作大王喜欢吃的鲤鱼,王僚虽然有疑心,但还是经不住美食的诱惑决定赴宴,他采取了严密的警卫措施。从王宫到公子光的府上一路上站满了卫队士兵,在公子光的府里也戒备森严,在宴会的厅堂里也全是卫兵,参加宴会的也只有王僚和公子光叔侄君臣二人,每一个近前上菜的服务人员或厨子,都要经过严格的搜身检查,一会儿公子光借口去卫生间而离席,这时,专诸端着一盘大鲤鱼来了,在门口几名卫士对他进行了例行的搜身后放他进入,专诸跪倒在王僚的面前呈献上鲤鱼,垂涎欲滴的王僚正准备动筷子,专诸突然伸手从鲤鱼的肚子里抽出了一把锋利的短剑,狠狠的刺向了王僚,利剑穿透了王僚贴身的铠甲刺入了他的胸膛,周围的卫士被这突如其来的行为惊呆了,少顷才如梦方醒把专诸乱刀砍死,公子光带着他的卫队从地下室涌了出来。很快控制了局势,不久他终于坐上了王位,史称吴王阖闾。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">这是一起极为出色的行刺,它让专诸这样一个勇士彪炳史册,但从此宴会也成为了一个阴谋频现的场所,吴王阖闾开创了吴国的霸业,他在与越国的战争中负伤而死,他的儿子就是吴王夫差,从此又引出了吴国伐越,勾践卧薪尝胆,范蠡西施等一出出历史活剧。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">国富民丰的吴国地处现在的苏杭,这也是鱼米之乡美食之地,宴会上不仅仅有鲤鱼,肯定还有其它美味的菜肴,海纳曾吃过杭州菜,感觉是清新可口。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">酒也应当是米酒,没有这些美食美酒的诱惑,王僚是不会轻易赴宴的。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">三、阴谋之宴:刘邦<span lang="EN-US">VS</span>项羽的鸿门宴</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">暴秦终于灭亡了,进入咸阳受降的不是率部与秦军主力血战的项羽,而是刘邦,愤怒的项羽攻破函谷关,与屯兵霸上的刘邦形成对峙,火并一触即发,此时,刘邦的作战处长曹无伤叛变投敌,对项羽说,刘邦想称关中王,愤怒的项羽下令,第二天一早诸侯联军吃过早饭就对刘邦部发起总攻,项羽的叔叔项伯与刘邦的参谋长张良是好朋友,他竟然偷偷跑到刘邦军中通知张良逃跑避难,张良把项伯引见给刘邦,刘邦为了拉拢项伯,和项伯订了姻亲,然后和张良等人主动去项羽处赔罪,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">面对怒气冲天的项羽,刘邦先是叙战友之情,又说自己不过是捡来的功劳,不敢称王,一直在等候项羽率领的诸侯联军,让项羽不要听信小人的谗言,刘邦带来劳军的<span lang="EN-US">100</span>多名随从在军营里也大肆宣传这种论调,项羽下令摆宴席,算是庆祝灭秦的庆功宴和与刘邦和解,在宴会上,亚父范增几次暗示项羽杀掉刘邦,但项羽都假装没看见,范增让项庄起身舞剑借机刺杀刘邦,但刘邦的亲家项伯也起身舞剑,暗暗护住刘邦,犹豫不决的项羽也不阻止这场闹剧,张良把宴席上的事告诉在帐外等候的樊哙,樊哙闯入宴席来保护刘邦,项羽问这是谁,张良说是刘邦的车夫,可能是饿了,进来要点吃的,喜欢壮士的项羽赏给樊哙一个生肘子和一斛酒,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">樊哙也趁机用发牢骚的话来说明刘邦没有称王之意,但危险始终存在,刘邦借着上厕所的机会“尿遁”回了霸上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">项羽没有杀刘邦,后人都说项羽是妇人之仁,失去了大好的机会,我不这样认为,关中的局势始终在项羽的掌握之中,项羽反悔了可以随时杀掉刘邦,鸿门宴上项羽失去的不是机会,而是对刘邦的杀心,项羽不是个草包,他知道在关中发生火并会使天下重新大乱,当然也有些顾及战友的情面,刘邦来认了错也确实没有杀他的借口,项羽已经拿定了注意,在不久以后的分封时,合法的来限制刘邦的势力,但是刘邦没有死,就留下了隐患,几年后,刘邦最终与项羽争夺天下,并使项羽上演了霸王别姬和自刎乌江的悲剧。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">鸿门宴上是以烤肉为主,是军营野餐性质的一次宴会,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">从樊哙吃生肘子的细节看,食物很是粗糙,但是酒应当是刘邦带来的秦宫中的美酒,大碗喝酒大口吃肉,倒是英雄的豪气。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">说到这还不得不提一句,我们能如此了解这次杀机四伏的宴会,全拜太史公司马迁的精彩描写。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">四、文学之宴:大宴铜雀台</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">赤壁之战已经过去两年了,天下三分的局面初露端倪,曹操一边打理着掌控的半壁江山,一边屯田练兵,准备完成一统天下的大业,但此时天下并没有大的战事<span lang="EN-US">,</span>曹操似乎感到可以有一丝的喘息,于是铜雀台建成了,落成典礼的当晚,曹操在铜雀台上大宴群臣,除了歌舞乐器的表演,武将们还进行了精彩的射箭比赛,文官们在曹操的儿子天下第一才子曹植的带领下,纷纷吟诗作赋展示着自己的才华,为曹操歌功颂德,而曹操也慷慨陈述自己继续匡复天下的决心,并借着酒意说自己并没有篡汉之心,最大的心愿就是死后墓碑上刻着“汉故征西大将军”,就知足了,群臣请曹操也赋诗一首来纪念这次盛况,曹操徐徐写下了,“对酒当歌,人生几何,譬如朝露,去日苦多。”感慨自己年事已高却壮志未酬,但眼前的美酒盛况却令他陶醉“慨当以慷,忧思难忘,何以解忧,唯有杜康…</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">…”赤壁之战也让他感到,天下最优秀的人才并没有全部收揽于自己的帐下。不久前,他让名士蒋干去游说曾在赤壁打败过他的周瑜,周瑜对蒋干倒还讲老同学的情谊算是礼遇有嘉,但并不归降,“青青子衿,悠悠我心,但为君故,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">沉吟至今…</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">…周公吐哺,天下归心<span lang="EN-US">.</span>”这首以后名扬天下的短歌行诞生了。这次宴会上,曹操还猛然想起自己的恩师蔡邕的女儿流落在匈奴部落,用重金把她赎回,这就是蔡文姬,文姬归汉后整理默写了大量流散的著作,自己还创作了胡茄十八拍,成为了传世名曲。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">以此次盛宴为开端,曹操把铜雀台作为诗歌和文学创作的乐园,聚集了一大批有才华的文人,在铜雀台上创作了许多的传世佳作,这就是中国文学史上有名的建安文学。建安文学的主要成就在于诗歌。它继承和发扬了汉乐府的现实主义精神,真实地反映了时代的社会生活。建安诗歌以五言为主,亦有四言、杂言等,而以五言成就最高,为五言诗的发展铺平了道路。它影响了后世的文风、格律、文体乃至文学的精神。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">这是汉代的国宴,一定是穷天下之美味珍馐,而酒就是至今闻名于世的杜康酒。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto;">五、雅士之宴:王羲之和兰亭序</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">晋朝结束了英雄辈出的三国时代,却没有出现一个新的朝代应当有的新气象,统治阶层充斥着荒唐的荒淫奢靡、斗富比宝的生活,更可怕的是,司马氏几代人都是弄权高手、军事天才,可是晋朝的第二代领导核心惠帝司马衷竟然是个天生的弱智,这一切最终引发了八王之乱,边疆上已经臣服了数百年的匈奴等少数民族借机叛乱,纷纷建立自己的政权,并攻入内地,史称五胡乱华,汉人的政权第一次退到了长江以南。传统的士族阶层,士大夫、文人雅士,也纷纷南迁,晋朝总算是借助长江天险,在几个大士族的帮助下,又能苟延残喘了,这几个大士族最有名的就是王家和谢家。尤其是王家,民间一度有过“王马共天下”的民谣,其势力影响可见。但王家也出了一个日后影响中国书法至今的大家<span lang="EN-US">--</span>王羲之。东晋永和九年(公元<span lang="EN-US">353</span>年),这一时期相对平静,几乎没有战事,这一年的春天王羲之邀请了四十一位亲朋好友,这其中有当时的书法家和诗人及名士,在“有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍”的兰亭举行野外盛会。他们列在溪水两旁,把羽觞(一种轻便的酒杯)放在水上,顺水而下,每人顺序取觞饮酒作诗。写不出诗的人,都要被罚酒,当天有26人作诗,一共写了35首。王羲之带着醉意,以特选的鼠须笔和蚕茧纸,即席挥毫,乘兴而书写了一篇序,即《兰亭序》。据说,他在几天后再重写近百次,但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。《兰亭序》共二十八行,三百二十四字,章法、结构、笔法都很完美,也是他三十三岁时的得意之作。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《兰亭序》被誉为中国书法史上最伟大的作品,王羲之开创了介于草书与楷书间的行书,创造了书法发展中的一种新的书写形式和字体,因此兰亭序又被称为“天下第一行书”。习书法者必习此贴,真迹由于被李世民陪葬而失传,但从唐代以来留下了多种摹版,供后人临摹。但是海纳认为,后世忽视了兰亭序的另一个重要的方面<span lang="EN-US">--</span>它的文体,与兰亭序同时代的作品或前代的文学作品,大多都是一些虽然内容华美,但形式略显呆板的赋,兰亭序却使人眼前一亮,没有固定的格式,文辞潇洒率然,近似口语,内容借景抒情,以事言志,这会不会是中国散文的开端呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">这是一次很时尚的“野餐派对”,没有大鱼大肉生猛海鲜,有的大概是带来的几碟泡菜、腌豆、腊肉,采一些山蘑,钓几尾活鱼,生一堆篝火,搭起帐篷,在小溪间流觞吟诗,酒也一定是西域来的葡萄美酒。一切都别有韵味。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★★</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">  <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">美食指数</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">六、保身之宴:韩熙载的夜宴</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在中国历史上写下浓重一笔的大唐终于走到了尽头,它如同一只轰然倒地的猛犸象,那些执掌兵权的节度使、太守们,像食腐的秃鹫,分食了帝国的每一块领土,中国又一次陷入了分裂,史称五代十国。这其中的一个小国号称是唐朝的正统庶出,以唐为国号占据着江南一带富庶的地区,这个被称为南唐的小国,经济上富裕,又崇尚诗词绘画的艺术,几代皇帝也都极具才华,以最后一个皇帝<span lang="EN-US">--</span>后主李煜最为出名,这一切都颇有盛唐遗风,但南唐在政治上软弱,军事上无能,仅凭长江天险苟活。在南唐朝中有一位三朝元老<span lang="EN-US">--</span>韩熙载,他是唐末的进士,是当时著名的才子,他懂乐律,擅长诗文书画,而且富有政治才能。韩熙载本来是山东青州的士族,因父亲死于战乱,而避祸于江南,而在南唐做官,皇帝看重他的才华,让他做太子的老师,并兼作史书的编辑,后又用他的政治才能,让他做了吏部户部乃至兵部的尚书,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在每一个职位上他都做得有声有色。后主李煜准备拜他为丞相,但有人举报说,韩熙载每晚都召集许多大臣在他家里聚会,有结党营私的企图,海纳认为,这其实是在南北分裂对峙的局面下,南方士族和统治阶层对北方士族即想利用又有所顾虑的反应。后主李煜派御用画家顾闳中夜探韩府,回来后目识心记,绘制了一幅《韩熙载夜宴图》送给后主李煜。这幅画是怎样描述的这次夜宴呢?它以韩熙载为中心,分<span lang="EN-US">"</span>听乐<span lang="EN-US">"</span>、<span lang="EN-US">"</span>观舞<span lang="EN-US">"</span>、<span lang="EN-US">"</span>休息<span lang="EN-US">"</span>、<span lang="EN-US">"</span>清吹<span lang="EN-US">"</span>及<span lang="EN-US">"</span>宴散<span lang="EN-US">"</span>五段场景,第一段韩熙载和宾客们宴饮,听仕女弹琵琶。第二段韩熙载的爱妾王屋山舞蹈,韩熙载亲自击鼓。第三段写客人散后,主人和诸女伎休息盥洗。第四段韩熙载更便衣乘凉,听诸女伎奏管乐。第五段一部分留宿客人和诸女伎调笑。但作为主角的韩熙载眉头紧锁,若有所思,完全无视眼前的美酒美食美女美乐,他其实并不喜欢这样灯红酒绿的场面,这一切只为掩人耳目,来保全自己。李煜也觉得韩熙载不过是声色犬马,休闲娱乐而已,也就消除了对他的戒心,韩熙载最后在高位上得以善终。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">宴会本身对历史并无影响,但这是现在能看到的古代唯一一次宴会场景,因这次宴会而留下的绘画作品《韩熙载夜宴图》,在中国美术史上有重大影响,《夜宴图》的表现技法堪称精湛娴熟,用笔挺拔劲秀,线条流转自如,色墨相映,神采动人栩栩如生。更重要的是使后人了解了那个时代的生活、服饰、陈设和美食的特征和细节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">江南富庶之地,达官显贵之家,高朋满座的宴会,珍馐美味琼浆玉液是不消说的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">七、夺权之宴:赵匡胤杯酒释兵权</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">五代十国时期最有作为的皇帝周世宗柴荣在北伐前线英年早逝了,他的幼子继位。柴荣临死时封自己的心腹悍将<span lang="EN-US">---</span>赵匡胤为殿前都点检,执掌精锐的禁军,以辅佐和保卫幼主。赵匡胤凭战功从士兵升到统帅,在军中有极高的威望,后周的许多将领都是他的老部下、好朋友,或者把兄弟。新君继位后,赵匡胤也宣誓效忠。不久河北前线传来辽国犯境的急报,小皇帝和几个辅政大臣让赵匡胤挂帅出征,赵匡胤在汴京郊外的陈桥驿集合禁军部队准备第二天一早出发。当晚,赵匡胤的弟弟赵光义和几个将领密谋,认为皇帝这么小,就算立了战功他也不懂封赏,不如让赵匡胤当皇帝,反正这在五代时期也不是新鲜事,后周的开国皇帝郭威就是这样夺位的。天不亮,赵匡胤就被士兵们“赵点检做皇帝”的叫嚷声吵醒,他刚走出帐篷,就硬是被几个将领披上了一件黄袍,全军山呼万岁,他先是推脱了一番,随后便以皇帝的身份发号施令,率军回汴京夺得皇位。在以后的几年里,赵匡胤平定了许多小国和反叛的节度使,对手除了强大的辽国,就剩了已是囊中之物的南唐和北汉,军中许多有实权的将领也开始骄傲跋扈起来。但赵匡胤也有了进一步的打算。一天,散朝以后,赵匡胤把刚出征归来的石守信、王审琦、高怀德等几名执掌禁军的将领留下来,要与他们饮酒叙旧,酒过三巡,赵匡胤忽然沉默不语,长吁短叹起来,曾是他把兄弟的几位将领感到奇怪,暗想皇帝莫不是想起了初恋情人赵京娘?他们便问赵匡胤感叹的原由,赵匡胤说自己从做了皇帝,就没睡过一天安稳觉,就怕有人反叛。众将领纷纷表自己的忠心,赵匡胤说,你们的忠心我相信,但有一天你们手下的人也给你们黄袍加身,你们恐怕也不得不反吧。几个将领吓得跪倒在地,求皇帝指条明路。赵匡胤说,大家年轻的时候出来投军,目的说白了就是为了高官厚禄封妻荫子,现在大家的年纪也大了,不如交出兵权,我多赏你们金银和良田,回去做个富翁颐养天年,咱们再结个亲家,君臣相互不猜疑这样多好!第二天,各将领纷纷上疏请求辞职,赵匡胤成功的亲自接管掌握了禁军,接着又用同样的手段,解除了节度使王彦超等人的兵权。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">几乎所有的开国皇帝都有杀功臣的行为,但赵匡胤却用温和和平的手段,成功地完成了兵权的解除与交接,这也已经被现代管理学所运用。从此军人出身的赵匡胤却组织了世界上最早的文官政府体系,海纳认为,如果宋朝是一个统一而无外患的王朝,这无疑是先进而且成功的政府组织形式,同时宋朝又是一个内外贸易全面繁荣的商品经济社会,如果发展下去,中国会是世界上第一个进入资本主义社会的国家。但历史没有假设,宋朝是历史上外患最严重的王朝,他没有北方的草原提供马匹的来源,没有北方地区强壮的士兵来源,更重要的是没有占据汉人王朝一贯赖以生存的边墙<span lang="EN-US">--</span>长城,在这个时候不给予武将行动自主权,并用文官权力限制武将的战争动员能力,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是极为愚蠢的行为,而且使得宋朝的文官体系显得有些超越时代了。皇帝直接掌握兵权,不懂军事的文官控制军队,武将频繁调动,兵不知将将不知兵,虽然宋军有着先进的火器和出色的基层军官,但文官指挥能力的欠缺使得宋军的战斗力极为低下,有宋一代军事积弱,最终两次亡于社会制度落后于自己的游牧民族。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">这是宋代的宫廷宴会,汴京地处的河南也是数朝的京城或陪都所在,豫菜也是中国著名的菜系,甚至也是现代的国宴菜,赵匡胤请和自己一起打江山的兄弟吃饭,虽然有夺权的目的,但一定也会倾天下之美味。白酒再有几十年就将出现在江南绍兴的酒作坊里了,但这时的黄酒已经酿造的炉火纯青。不过我觉得,再好的美酒美味,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在这些参加宴会的人的嘴里一定都是味同嚼蜡吧。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">八、崛起之宴:成吉思汗的斡难河之宴</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">孛尔只斤铁木真,出生于一个蒙古部落酋长的家庭,但他少年时父亲被敌对的塔塔儿部毒死,他先后投奔了王汗部和札木合部,但他也在召集父亲的旧部并暗自发展自己的力量,最后独立成立斡鲁朵,他利用蒙古各部落之间的矛盾,联合一方打击一方,再各个击破的战略,先后消灭了世仇塔塔儿部,消灭了令金国人都头疼的乃蛮部,又消灭了曾经的朋友札木合部,最后征服了曾有恩于他但又与他反目成仇的王汗克烈部,统一了呼伦贝尔草原,然后他把各部落重新编为千户,融合了个各部落,从此一个统一的蒙古民族诞生了。公元<span lang="EN-US">1206</span>年,铁木真在斡难河畔召开忽里台大会即大汗位,成为了蒙古民族的最高统治者,号成吉思汗,意思是像海一样大的汗。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">成吉思汗开始了对外用兵,先试兵西夏,迫使西夏求和与其联合攻打欺压了蒙古人数百年的金国,歼灭了金国精锐部队,攻克金国都城,使金的势力退往黄河以南,接着成吉思汗开始西征,先派大将哲别(郭靖的师傅?)灭了西辽,自己又亲征花剌子模,先后攻克了撒马尔罕、玉龙赤杰等城邦,蒙古军队一直攻至黑海和印度河流域,蒙古第一次西征结束,接着又回军攻打西夏,在灭亡西夏前夕,成吉思汗病逝。他在临死前,又留下了联宋灭金的战略。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">成吉思汗的继任者们,一次又一次的南征西征,向南灭亡征服了金、吐蕃、大理、南宋,向欧洲一直攻打到多瑙河流域,向西亚灭亡了的大食,征服了印度,甚至占领了地中海上的塞浦路斯,如果不是宋军死守四川合州钓鱼城十余年,并飞石击毙了蒙哥大汗,使准备进军非洲埃及的蒙古军回师夺汗位,世界的历史恐怕都要有另一种写法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">以这次斡难河盛会为开端,蒙古民族如暴风骤雨一般的迅猛发展起来,仅用了七十年的时间就建立了世界上疆域最大的帝国,改变了整个世界历史的进程。成吉思汗已成为了雄才大略、军事天才、勇猛无敌的代名词,他是蒙古民族的骄傲、中华民族的骄傲。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:这是蒙古民族的第一次盛宴,宴会上一定都是具有蒙古特色的美食,有外焦里嫩的烤全羊,金黄喷香的馕饼,热气腾腾的火锅,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">香气扑鼻的烤牛肉,酒也一定是蒙古族特有的马奶酒。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★★</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食指数</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">九、落日之宴:乾隆的千叟宴</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">乾隆五十年(公元<span lang="EN-US">1785</span>年),又一次举行了清廷从康熙朝开始五十年一次盛典</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ‹ΟGB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">―</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">千叟宴,这一年四方来朝、天下太平、仓廪谷实,又适逢庆典,为表示皇恩浩荡,乾隆帝在乾清宫举办了这一次规模最为宏大的宴会。有三千多位<span lang="EN-US">70</span>岁以上的老人应邀参加了这次盛会,他们大都是皇亲国戚,前朝老臣,也有从民间奉诏进京的老人,乾隆帝为<span lang="EN-US">90</span>岁以上的老人一一斟酒,被推为上座的是一位最长寿的老人,据说已有<span lang="EN-US">141</span>岁。纪晓岚还为这位老人做了一个对子,“花甲重开,外加三七岁月;古稀双庆,内多一个春秋。”为这次饕餮盛宴,宫廷的御膳房准备了全套的满汉全席,老人们争先恐后的大快朵颐狼吞虎饮同时,饱学鸿儒们纷纷赋诗吟对,为乾隆皇帝歌功颂德。千叟宴这场浩大豪宴,被当时的文人称作“恩隆礼洽,为万古未有之举。”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">这是清朝统治者为了推行儒家仁孝思想,同时也是为了粉饰太平的一次宴会,不过从尊敬老人孝敬老人这些中华民族传统美德的角度来看待这次宴会,并没有任何问题,当然对历史的影响也并不大,能说上影响之处的只有在这次宴会上最终完善了世界上最为豪华宴席</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ‹ΟGB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">―</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">满汉全席,同时作为宴会的娱乐项目,各地的曲艺团体纷纷进京献艺,并通过交流,逐步形成了又一项国粹</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ‹ΟGB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">―</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">京剧。但是,环顾世界都发生了什么?千叟宴的同一年,英国人瓦特发明了蒸汽机,西方开始了第一次工业革命;北美独立战争已经取得了胜利,一个新兴的国家</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ‹ΟGB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">―</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美利坚合众国成立;法国已经在酝酿大革命,资产阶级即将以人权宣言为先导的登上历史的舞台。而此时的中国还沉浸在天朝大国的美梦之中,无视世界的技术、制度变革,中国也像极了一个步履蹒跚的耄耋老人,固执而不思进取,这次盛宴可以说呈现了清朝和中国专制社会的最后一抹辉煌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">满汉全席,这四个字已经代表了天下所有的美味佳肴。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">  <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">美食指数</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★★★<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">十、和平之宴:尼克松访华之宴</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史背景:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">世纪<span lang="EN-US">70</span>年代初,世界格局出现了重大变化,美苏这两个超级大国在军事、航天、科技、外交等各个领域的竞争愈演愈烈,此时出现了暂时的苏攻美守的态势,而世界上最大的发展中国家</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ‹ΟGB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">―</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">中国,虽然还正处于文革时期,但在军事、外交上显现出的巨大能量和潜力已经不容小视,尤其是新中国恢复了在联合国的合法席位。同时中国和苏联虽同为社会主义国家却关系交恶,甚至兵戎相向。国际形势使美国不能再漠视中国的存在,也不得不考虑调整对华政策,而中国此时也有意与美国改善关系,这一切最终促成了尼克松总统在<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="2" year="1972"><span lang="EN-US">1972</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月<span lang="EN-US">21</span>日</chsdate>对中国的访问。上午<span lang="EN-US">9</span>时尼克松总统抵达北京,周恩来总理亲自去机场迎接。当天下午,毛泽东主席会见了尼克松总统。当天晚上,周恩来举行了欢迎尼克松的宴会。周恩来在宴会祝酒词中说:“美国人民是伟大的人民。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">中国人民是伟大的人民。我们两国人民一向是友好的。由于大家都知道的原因,两国人民之间的来往中断了<span lang="EN-US">20</span>多年。现在,经过中美双方的共同努力,友好来往的大门终于打开了。目前,促使两国关系正常化,争取和缓紧张局势,已成为中美两国人民强烈的愿望。我们相信,我们两国人民这种共同愿望,总有一天是要实现的。”在接下来的八天里,双方进行了广泛的会谈,<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="28" month="2" year="1972"><span lang="EN-US">1972</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月<span lang="EN-US">28</span>日</chsdate>,中美两国政府领导人在上海发表“联合公报”,公报的关键之处在于美国承认,中国只有一个,而台湾是中国的一部分。而且肯定了美国武装力量和军事设施从台湾全部撤出的最终前景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">尼克松访华,是中美关系发展的一个里程碑,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是中国在中美关系中坚持不懈的原则斗争对美国反华政策的一个胜利。它促进了中美关系开始正常化的进程,同时也改变了中国在国际的两个战略方向上存在重大敌手的处境,对国际形势的发展产生了深远的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美食:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">最终还是没有找到这次宴会的菜单和任何一道菜品的名字,参加过这次宴会的许多老前辈还都健在,本人不敢妄加猜测,虽然中国当时还处于经济较为困难的时期,但如此重要的一次国宴,同时又是要通过中国的美食向来访者展示中国博大精深的文化,一定是中国美食的最精华部分,值得一提的是尼克松总统来访前,在美国一直练习使用筷子,宴会时对筷子娴熟自如的运用令与会者们大为惊讶。同时,中国的国酒<span lang="EN-US">--</span>茅台,也随着这次宴会蜚声海内外。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">历史影响力★★★★★</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 23pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">  <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">美食指数</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">★★★★★</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><p></p></span></b></p>
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