[首发]钢笔楷书中基本笔画常出现的几个问题及解决方法

东山

<p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">钢笔楷书中基本笔画<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 常出现的几个问题及解决方法&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　钢笔楷书的基本笔画有点、横、竖、撇、捺、钩、折、挑八种。这八种笔画是汉字的基本单位，就好比建筑中的砖瓦，虽然简单，却是基础，无论是简易或复杂的汉字，都是由这八种笔画演变成的。因此这些点画写得好坏，将直接影响到字的优劣，乃至整篇。所以想写好楷书，首先应掌握好基本笔画的形态和写法。</span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　书法中的点线不同于几何学中的点线，它是笔尖按书法要求在纸上运动的痕迹，在书写上有特殊的要求在纸上运动的痕迹，在书写上有特殊的要求。我就对初学者在基本笔画的书写上常出现的几点毛病以及怎样解决这几种毛病进行一些肤浅的分析。</span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　一是，运笔不正确。这主要是学书者在临写时没有对字帖进行仔细观察、比较，或者手眼还不能协调一致造成的。比如：“捺”画过一上挺，“捺”尾下拖，形如狼尾；竖弯钩转折过急，钩画过于上挑等。</span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　解决这一问题的关建是要初学者在基本笔画训练过程中，要跟字帖认真比较，观察笔画的起笔、行笔、收笔三个完整的运笔过程的微小变化。眼睛就像摄像机一样，把这些变化拍摄下来，并记在心中，力求使所写字的笔画与字帖上的一致。在临写的过程中忌看不清就写，或者字帖放在一边根本不看，那样只能重复自己的老路，将毫无收获。&nbsp;</span></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　二是笔画拘紧，书写收放不到位。应伸长的则短小，如：长横、中垂竖及长撇等，这也是初学者较为普遍出现的一种错误现象。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　要想解决这一错误就要认真的观察这些笔画的特征、变化。如：横画，要注意它的姿态让它起到“平稳”的作用；写撇的时候应根据不同的字调整其斜度和弧度的变化，尽量写得舒展豪放，富有力度等。训练时应注意根据字形安排笔画。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　三是笔画没有轻重变化，写出的线条像几何中的线段，粗细相同、呆直僵硬，毫无美感。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　要想写出好的笔画就要注意运笔的过程，提则力轻，点画便轻盈秀逸；笔按则力重，点画就雄健沉着，刚劲有力。一般说，落笔收笔时应稍重，行笔过程则稍轻，转折、停顿处稍重。在这里应注意的一点是，提笔不是将笔提离纸面。而是意识上的提笔，只是用力小一些，笔画并不中断，这样写出来的笔画就充满遒劲。 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 四是过于强调顿笔回锋，甚至比写毛笔字还利害，失支了钢笔字清秀柔美、飘洒俊俏的特色，给人一种做作生 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 硬的感觉。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　要解决这一问题就要正确认清钢笔的特性。在钢笔练习中因钢笔笔尖弹性较小，起笔、收笔动作变化应是微小的，甚至只是意念中的动作，基本上含在点画中，不能过分夸张外露，更不能将连贯一起、一闪即过的动作分解成孤立、僵硬功夫的动作组合。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　五是笔画过于平直，特别是“横”画表现得尤为为突出，因而字形呆板，四平八稳，缺乏灵气。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　要想解决这一问题就要对各个笔画进行认真细致的观察。特别是观察“横”画的时侯，一定要注意它的姿态是平中略斜，左低右高，为了表现力度，中间一般向上拱起。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　六是笔画的雷同，当收不收，当长不长，笔画重复。如：竖不仅有悬针竖和垂露竖之分，收笔也各不一样，它的写法因其位置不同也各有千秋。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　初学者笔画训练中出现的错误较多，以上六种是最为常见的。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 　　总之，点画书写的规范，不仅可以让楷书写得更加美观、端正，而且还能为学习其它书体，奠定基础。&nbsp;<stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><stroke></stroke><formulas></formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f><f></f><formulas></formulas><path gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f" oconnecttype="rect"></path><path></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock><lock></lock><shapetype></shapetype><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; 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[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-18 11:33:41编辑过]