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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">颜真卿<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">述张长史笔法十二意</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">
<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">予罢秩醴泉<span lang="EN-US">,</span>特诣东洛<span lang="EN-US">,</span>访金吾长史张公旭<span lang="EN-US">,</span>请师笔法。长史于时在裴儆①宅憩止<span lang="EN-US">,</span>己一年矣。众有师张公求笔法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或有得者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>皆曰神妙<span lang="EN-US">,</span>仆顷在长安师事张公<span lang="EN-US">,</span>竟不蒙传授<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使知是道也。人或问笔法者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>张公皆大笑<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而对之便草书<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或三纸<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或五纸<span lang="EN-US">,</span>皆乘兴而散<span lang="EN-US">,</span>竟不复有得其言者。予自再游洛丁<span lang="EN-US">,</span>相见眷然不替②。仆问裴儆<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“足下师敬长史<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有何所得<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“但得书绢素屏数本。亦偿论请笔法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>惟言倍加工学临写<span lang="EN-US">,</span>书法当自悟耳。”<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">仆自停裴儆宅<span lang="EN-US">,</span>月馀<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因与裴儆从长史言话散<span lang="EN-US">,</span>却回长史前请曰·“仆既承九丈奖诱<span lang="EN-US">,</span>日月滋深<span lang="EN-US">,</span>夙夜工勤<span lang="EN-US">,</span>耽溺翰墨<span lang="EN-US">,</span>虽四远流扬<span lang="EN-US">,</span>自未为稳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>倘得闻笔法要诀<span lang="EN-US">,</span>则终为师学<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以冀至于能妙<span lang="EN-US">,</span>岂任感戴之诚也<span lang="EN-US">!"</span>长史良久不言<span lang="EN-US">,</span>乃左右盼视<span lang="EN-US">,</span>怫然而起。仆乃从行归于东竹林院小堂<span lang="EN-US">,</span>张公乃当堂踞坐床<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而命仆居乎小榻<span lang="EN-US">,</span>乃曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“书法玄微<span lang="EN-US">,</span>难妄传授。非志士高人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>讵可言其要妙<span lang="EN-US">?</span>书之求能<span lang="EN-US">,</span>且攻真草<span lang="EN-US">,</span>今以授予<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可须思妙。<span lang="EN-US">" <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">乃曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“夫平谓横<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>仆思以对曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“尝闻长史九丈令每为一平画<span lang="EN-US">,</span>皆须纵横有象。此岂非其谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史乃笑曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然”。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“夫直谓纵<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓直者必纵之不令邪曲之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“均谓间<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰:“尝蒙示以间不容光之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“密谓际<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓筑锋下笔<span lang="EN-US">,</span>皆令宛成<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不令其疏之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“锋谓末<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓末以成画<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使其锋健之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“力谓骨体<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓¤<span lang="EN-US">[</span>走<span lang="EN-US">+</span>翟<span lang="EN-US">]</span>笔则点画皆有筋骨<span lang="EN-US">,</span>字体自然雄媚之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">,'</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“轻转谓曲折<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓钩笔转角<span lang="EN-US">,</span>折锋轻过<span lang="EN-US">,</span>亦谓转角为暗过之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然”。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“决谓牵掣<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“岂不谓牵掣为撇<span lang="EN-US">,</span>锐意挫锋<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使不怯滞<span lang="EN-US">,</span>令险峻而成<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以谓之决乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“补谓不足<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“尝闻于长史<span lang="EN-US">,</span>岂不谓结构点画或有失趣者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>则以别点画旁救之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰:“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“损谓有余<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“尝蒙所授<span lang="EN-US">,</span>岂不谓趣长笔短<span lang="EN-US">,</span>长使意气有余<span lang="EN-US">,</span>画若不足之谓乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰:“巧谓布置<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰:“岂不谓欲书先预想字形布置<span lang="EN-US">,</span>令其平稳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或意外生体<span lang="EN-US">,</span>令有异势<span lang="EN-US">,</span>是之谓巧乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“称谓大小<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子知之乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“尝<personname wst="on" productid="闻">闻</personname>教授<span lang="EN-US">,</span>岂不谓大字促之令小<span lang="EN-US">,</span>小字展之使大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>兼令茂密<span lang="EN-US">,</span>所以为称乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“然<span lang="EN-US">,</span>子言颇皆近之矣。工若精勤<span lang="EN-US">,</span>悉自当为妙笔。<span lang="EN-US">" <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">真卿前请曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“幸蒙长史九丈传授用笔之法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>敢问攻书之妙<span lang="EN-US">,</span>何如得齐于古人<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>张公曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“妙在执笔<span lang="EN-US">,</span>令其圆畅<span lang="EN-US">,</span>勿使拘挛。其次识法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>谓口传手授之诀<span lang="EN-US">,</span>勿使无度<span lang="EN-US">,</span>所谓笔法也。其次在于布置<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不慢不越<span lang="EN-US">,</span>巧使合宜。其次纸笔精佳。其次变化适怀<span lang="EN-US">,</span>纵舍掣夺<span lang="EN-US">,</span>咸有规矩。五者备矣<span lang="EN-US">,</span>然后能齐于古人。<span lang="EN-US">" <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“敢问长史神用执笔之理<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可得闻乎<span lang="EN-US">?"</span>长史曰:“予传授笔法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>得之于老舅彦远曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>吾昔日学书<span lang="EN-US">,</span>虽功深<span lang="EN-US">,</span>奈何迹不至殊妙。后问于褚河南<span lang="EN-US">,</span>曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>‘用笔当须如印印泥。<span lang="EN-US">'</span>思而不悟<span lang="EN-US">,</span>后于江岛<span lang="EN-US">,</span>遇见沙平地静<span lang="EN-US">,</span>令人意悦欲书。乃偶以利锋画而书之<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其劲险之状<span lang="EN-US">,</span>明利媚好。自兹乃悟用笔如锥画沙<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使其藏锋<span lang="EN-US">,</span>画乃沉着。当其用笔<span lang="EN-US">,</span>常欲使其透过纸背<span lang="EN-US">,</span>此功成之极矣。真草用笔<span lang="EN-US">,</span>悉如画沙<span lang="EN-US">,</span>点画净媚<span lang="EN-US">,</span>则其道至矣。如此则其迹可久<span lang="EN-US">,</span>自然齐于古人。但思此理<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以专想功用<span lang="EN-US">,</span>故其点画不得妄动。子其书绅。”<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">予遂铭谢<span lang="EN-US">,</span>逡巡再拜而退。自此得攻书之妙。于兹五年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>真草自如可成矣。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">[</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">评点<span lang="EN-US">]</span>①裴儆:字九思<span lang="EN-US">,</span>唐代绛州闻喜(今山西闻喜)人。工书。②眷然不替:十分投契<span lang="EN-US">,</span>依依不舍。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“点画皆有筋骨”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“有筋骨”便“自然雄媚<span lang="EN-US">"</span>。作者主张藏锋用笔<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“用笔如锥画沙”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>才能“力透纸背”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这样便可达到“功成之极<span lang="EN-US">"</span>的“雄媚<span lang="EN-US">"</span>、“险峻”的艺术境界。颜真卿博采众长<span lang="EN-US">,</span>兼收并蓄又不失个性<span lang="EN-US">,</span>创造出特有的“高古”、“森严<span lang="EN-US">"</span>的风格<span lang="EN-US">,</span>既利欣赏又利实用。他的这一追求过程<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在这篇文章中体现得十分清楚。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> |
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