[原创]闽南土楼行

陈艳伟

<p>&nbsp;</p><table bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#bbfff1" border="1"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#050584" size="5">闽南土楼，历史悠久、数量众多、规模宏大、造型奇异、风格独特，遍布于漳州市南靖、华安、平和、诏安、云霄、漳浦等县山区，被誉为“神话般的山区建筑”。土楼以生土为主要材料，掺上石灰、细砂、糯米饭、红糖、竹片、木条等，经反复揉、舂压、夯筑而成。土楼一般高三至五层，墙体厚度自下而上逐层减少，墙基厚达2米。一层是厨房，二层是仓库，一、二层的窗户不朝外开，或只开枪眼大的细石条窗。三层四层则是客厅和卧室，每个房间都有朝外的大窗户。一座土楼建成后，楼主必先邀请有名望的秀才为土楼撰写对联，刻于大门石框上、楼内厅堂中，并取对联的首字为楼名。普通土楼只设一个正门，规模较大则增设两个侧门。楼内门顶设有水喉，可防入侵者火攻。 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;土楼起源于唐朝陈元光开漳时的兵营、城堡和山寨，具有聚族而居、防盗、防震、防兽、防火、防潮、通风采光、冬暖夏凉等特点，是闽南地区自唐以来“外寇之出入，蟊贼之内讧”的特殊社会环境的产物。漳州土楼数量最多：共800多座。规模最大：直径超过70米的大型土楼有5座，最大的是诏安县官陂乡“在田楼”，直径达94.5米，有“超级土楼”之称，结构最奇：有圆、方、椭圆、半月、交椅、雨伞、风车、八卦等形状，各具特色，各领风骚，尤其是南靖县书洋乡田螺坑的土楼群，由一方一椭三圆五座土楼组合而成，气势磅礴，令人震撼。 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;土楼主要分圆楼、方楼、五凤楼三种。五凤楼主要分布在永定县一带，历史最悠久，是一种中原四合院式民居在福建特定环境下衍变的产物。“三堂两落”的五凤楼保持了明确的中轴线和规整、内向的传统布局。两侧横屋是四合院厢房的加高，后进的正房变成高大的主楼，整个建筑构思主次分明，高低错落，和谐统一，显示了封建宗法制的尊严和古朴庄重的艺术风格，也体现了土楼与中原文化千丝万缕的联系。方楼是从五凤楼中演变出来的一种，加强了防卫性，建筑构造趋于简单，因而成了客家人广泛采用的住宅。最为奇特壮观的要数圆楼。居高俯视，它依山傍水，环环相连，如神工造就一般，令人叹为观止。与高楼相比，圆楼对风的阻力要小得多，抗震能力要强得多，可获得最好的通风和采光，任何一个房间都是圆周上的普通一点，严格的平等有利于家庭内部的分配和均衡。 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;南靖土楼以圆楼著称。圆楼又称“圆寨”，以一环圆型土楼为多，规模大的都是二环以上的多环同心圆楼，外高内低，楼内有楼，环环相套。最大的圆楼是永定县大竹乡高头村的“承启楼”，直径达73米，全楼三圈四层，共400个房间，住60余户，400余人。永定县的“如升楼”可能是圆楼中最小的，共12层12间房，住6户人家。最古老的圆楼则是华安县沙建乡的“齐天楼”，建于六百多年前，此楼大门朝南曰“生门”，嫁娶由此进，西门曰“死门”，殡葬由此出，是一奇特风俗。云霄县深土乡东平村，当地人称之为“八卦堡”，整个村子由五圈圆环构成，中心是完整的圆楼，外围四圈断断续续按八卦阵布局，环绕四周。 <br/></font></td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215101883305.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215101883305.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br/>

陈艳伟

<p>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215104785700.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215104785700.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215105644222.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215105644222.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121511295418.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121511295418.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215111289304.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215111289304.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-12 15:11:16编辑过]

陈艳伟

<p>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215114090381.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215114090381.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215114910351.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215114910351.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215115718211.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215115718211.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121512678263.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121512678263.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br/>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-12 15:12:10编辑过]

陈艳伟

<p>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215123889645.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215123889645.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br/></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215124512586.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215124512586.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215125293094.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215125293094.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121513231208.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/200611121513231208.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215131422668.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215131422668.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215131966674.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215131966674.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215132433165.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215132433165.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215132977913.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-11/2006111215132977913.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-12 15:13:39编辑过]

陈艳伟

大家一起欣赏吧，这是我影友一起去拍的。

陈艳伟

自认为拍得还行的图咋就没人顶呢？[em03]

陈艳伟

哎呀，这片片怎么还没人看呢。

陆新华

土楼行?

【米真居士】

<font color="#ff0000" size="4">拍得好！色彩也好！~~~厉害！~~</font>[em01]

柳长忠

今天才看到，不错啊！