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艺 林 拾 趣 [复制链接]

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发表于 2006-8-10 18:13:13 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
<p class="MsoBodyText" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">艺</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">林</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">拾</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">趣</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">■</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">佩之</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">辑</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><font face="Times New Roman"> (</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">裴志强</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">河南省新安县第一高中</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>471800)<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">中国书法源远流长,传承有序,可以说中国书法是一个有机的链条,在这个链条中,之所以能一环扣一环不断地创新发展,正是由一代一代的书家不断地继承和创新的结果。重视笔法的师徒授受,当是我国书法史上发人深省的技法发展现象,在这个授受的过程中,有一种现象非常值得我们注意,即在书法史上“老子英雄儿好汉”的现象屡见不鲜,有父子(女)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有兄弟,甚至家族、亲戚等。这种书法相传的现象,使得书法史变得更为丰富、更为有趣,了解这种现象,不仅能加深对中国书法史的了解,还能对自己的临池起到一定的帮助,可以毫不夸张地说,书法的发展,家族、亲戚的贡献功不可没。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张芝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张昶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">索靖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">史载最早的家族书法相传的例子就是从张芝和索靖开始的。张芝,汉朝人,字伯英,敦煌酒泉人,传说中今草的创造者,张怀瓘尊其为“草圣”,说明张芝书法影响之大。有“超前绝后,独步无双”之誉,王羲之论汉魏书法,首推钟繇、张芝,有《八月帖》、《消息帖》传世。张芝的弟弟张昶亦有书名,风格与张芝接近,时人谓之“亚圣”,古籍中有称张芝书者,多为张昶代笔。传王羲之北上见昶书而自惭,可见其成就非同一般。这里需要特别指出的是索靖,索靖是张芝姐姐的孙子,书学张芝,这是史载最早的家族书法相传的见证。索靖,西晋初人,因与当时书法名家卫瓘同在尚书省供职,故时称“一台二妙”。张怀瓘《书断》称其“精熟致极不及张芝,妙有余资张不及索靖”,对其评价甚高。有《急就章》、《月仪帖》等刻帖传世。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">蔡邕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">蔡文姬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">历史上的女书法家不多,父女均为书法家,且对后世影响书法发展有开创之功的就更少了,蔡氏父女即为其一。蔡邕,东汉人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">曾拜左中郎将,人称“蔡中郎”,因董卓牵连入狱而死。邕博学多才</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,通经史、音律、天文、礼仪制度,工书画,擅长篆、隶。在汉代文人书法家中,占有重要地位。传偿与鸿都门见工役艺垩帚成字而创“飞白书”。熹平四年,灵帝命蔡邕等人校正五经文字并书碑立于太学门外,是为《熹平石经》,此碑以隶书正体对文字的规范起到了一定的作用。蔡文姬,名琰,蔡邕之女,博学擅辩,通音律。书法得父传,颇不俗。宋黄庭坚曾跋曰“蔡琰《胡笳行》自书十八章,极可观,不谓流落,仅余两句。”《淳化阁帖》卷五有蔡琰书一帖。蔡邕的笔法经其女文姬传于后人,对魏晋时代的文人书法有着开创之功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">卫氏家族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">卫氏一门为古代书史上最早的家族流派的代表之一。在这个家族中,卫铄因为当过王羲之的老师而最为著名,人称卫夫人。卫夫人(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">272</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">349</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">),河东安邑人,师承钟繇。张怀瓘《书断》评其书曰:“碎玉壶之冰,烂瑶台之月,婉然芳树,穆若清风。”著有《笔阵图》一篇。《淳化阁帖》收入其书八行。另外,卫氏家族中的卫瓘,即魏书法家卫凯之子,和索靖齐名,人称“一台二妙”,有《顿州民帖》传世,羊欣对其评价甚高。卫瓘子卫恒、卫处、卫宣,俱有书名。卫恒有《四体书势》一文传世,是古代书论史上重要的文献,唐李嗣真《书后品》列其书为中之上品。卫恒之子仲宝、叔宝亦有书名。卫铄即卫恒的从妹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王氏家族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王氏家族估计是历史上最庞大的家族书法相传的例证了。王氏家族中,最著名的当属王羲之,在对后世的影响上,可以说历史上没有一个人可以和他相抗衡,自其后的千百年间,涌现出无数行草大家,然均直接或间接地受到了他的影响。由于其书又蕴含着平正与欹侧两个方面,因此也成为后世帖学两大派系的策源地。智永、虞世南、褚遂良、陆柬之、蔡襄、赵孟、文征明等继承了王羲之平和秀逸的一路,王献之、唐太宗、欧阳询、李邕、米芾、王铎等接受了他欹侧跌宕一路。从而形成了中国书坛上庞大的“二王体系”。并且开创正、行、草妍雅流美的新境界,是后世公认的“书圣”。代表作有《兰亭序》、《丧乱帖》、《孔侍中帖》、《平安帖》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王门流派中王献之是重要的书家,其为王羲之第七子,世称王大令,书学其父,在笔势上变其父的丰润为峻利,用笔瘦挺,体势瘦长而外展,有《中秋帖》、《鸭头丸帖》、《地黄汤帖》、《十二月帖》等传世。与其父合称“二王”。此外,羲之子玄之、徽之亦有书名。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在王羲之的直系亲属中,王羲之的父亲王导、叔父王廙不能不提。王导,字茂弘,于司马睿交厚,位极人臣,人称“王与马共天下”,善书,工行草。其书出钟繇、卫瓘,据传西晋末年仓皇南渡,犹携钟繇《宣示帖》过江。张怀瓘《书断》列其书为能品。有草书《省示帖》、《改朔帖》传世。王羲之的叔父王廙亦有书名,羲之少时尝就之“请书画法”,廙告知“画乃吾自画,书乃吾自书,”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">并预言王羲之“必将隆余堂构”。南齐王僧虔《论书》称“右军之前,唯廙为最,画为晋明帝师,书为右军法”。有草书《廿四日帖》、《七月十三日帖》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王珣,王导孙,王献之堂弟,善行、草书,文学词翰俱有时名,董其昌称其书“潇潇古澹,东晋风流,宛然在眼”,有《伯远帖》传世,据传为东晋书法唯一传世真迹。王珣兄王珉亦善书。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王献之外甥羊欣,书法诸体皆妙,得王献之真传,名重一时,称献之后第一人,时有“卖王得羊,不失所望”的民谚。有《笔精帖》传世。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王羲之四世孙王僧虔为南齐著名书法家,有《太子舍人帖》摹本流传至今,对苏东坡等产生过影响,是“神采论”的最初阐发者,著有《书赋》、《论书》、《笔意赞》等。王僧虔之子王慈、王志,书名虽不高,但却有墨迹传世。王慈字伯宝,官至冠军将军,东海太守。书迹有《尊体安和帖》、《汝比帖》、《柏酒帖》,皆存于唐摹《万岁通天帖》中。王志,字次道,累官散骑常侍,金紫光禄大夫。书作有《一日无申帖》,笔势险峻,结体严谨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南朝陈书法家智永和尚为王羲之七世孙,是王门书法的嫡系传人,传世《真草千字文》笔法精熟,在书史上有重要的地位,对初唐书法影响很深。传说求其书者太多,把门槛都踢断了,后裹以铁叶,谓之“铁门限”。宋苏轼《东坡题跋》称:“永禅师书,骨气深稳,体兼众妙,精能之至,返造疏淡。”唐虞世南尝从学。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王褒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">萧子云</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王褒,字子渊。善书。梁武帝甚重其才,妻以弟女。官至吏部尚书、左仆射。江陵失陷后,被俘入北,对北朝书法产生过一定影响。萧子云为其姑父。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">萧子云,晋陵郡(今江苏常州)人。南朝梁书法家。工书,小篆、行、草、飞白诸体兼备,意趣飘然,点画之际若有骞举,妍妙至极,时流难与比肩。传子云笔用胎发,故纤细不失,其书笔迹健瘦,萦丝索铁。唐代张怀瓘《书断》列其隶、飞白书为妙品;小篆、行书、章草、草书为能品。评其真书“少师子敬,晚学元常,及其暮年,筋骨亦备,名盖当世,举朝效之。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询评其飞白曰:“张乌巾冠世,其后逸少、子敬,又称绝妙,然飞而不白。萧子云轻浓得中,如蝉翼掩素,游雾崩云,可得而语。尝飞白大书‘萧’字,李约得之,建一室曰‘萧斋’。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">太清中,候景寇逼,宫城失守,子云外逃,饿死于显灵寺僧房。著有《五十二体书》一卷。传世书迹有草书《千字文》、章草《史孝山出师颂》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">虞世南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">陆柬之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">陆彦远</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张旭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张旭书法初学其舅陆彦远,陆彦远又学其父陆柬之,陆柬之又是虞世南的外甥。这是历史上又一个以书法名世的家族了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">虞世南,字伯施。越州余姚(今浙江)人。少年时学于南朝著名学者顾野王,十年精思不懈,文章闻名于世。甚得唐太宗的敬重,死后赠礼部尚书,并绘像于凌烟阁,为二十四功臣之一。唐太宗曾诏曰:“世南一人,有出世之才,遂兼五绝。一曰忠谠,二曰友悌,三曰博文,四曰词藻,五曰书翰。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">虞世南幼年学书于王羲之七世孙,著名书法家僧智永,受其亲传,妙得“二王”及智永笔法,故其书笔致圆融丰腴,外柔内刚,血脉畅通。虞世南为人沉静寡欲,志性刚烈,议论正直,深得唐太宗器重。他的书法,论者以为如裙带飘扬,而束身矩步,有不可犯之色。与欧阳询、褚遂良、薛稷号称初唐四大书家。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有传世书迹刻石楷书有《孔子庙堂碑》、行书有《汝南公主墓志铭》、《摹兰亭序》等。著有《书旨论》、《笔髓论》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">陆柬之,江苏吴县。虞世南甥。官至朝散大夫、太子司议郎、崇文侍书学士。书法早年学其舅,晚学“二王”,“落笔浑成,耻为飘扬绮靡之风,”故有“晚擅出蓝之誉”。时与虞、欧、褚称为初唐书坛“四子”。传世书迹以《五言兰亭诗》刻帖与《书陆机文赋》墨迹为最。张怀瓘《书断》评其书曰:“晚习二王,尤尚其古。中年之迹,犹有怯懦,总章以后,乃备筋骨,殊矜质朴,耻夫纤靡,故欲暴露瑕疵,虽为时鄙。”又说:“至于兴会,则穹理造微。然工于仿效,劣于独断。”他的书法遗迹传世甚少,现在已经难窥全貌了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张旭,字伯高,吴郡人,世称张长史,生卒年月不详,苏州人,曾任常熟县尉。唐代大书法家。以草书而闻名。他的草书与李白的诗歌,裴旻的剑舞称为“三绝”。  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他的书法初学其舅陆彦远,后得之于“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二王”而又能独创新意。他的楷书端正谨严、规矩至极,黄山谷誉为“唐人正书无能出其右者”。韩愈说:“旭善草书,不治他技,故旭之书,变动如鬼神,不可端睨。”他在书法上的成就远远超过了前代书法家的作品,具有强烈的盛唐气象。传世书迹有《肚痛帖》、《古诗四帖》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">崔悦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">崔宏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">崔浩</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">崔宏,北朝著名书法家宏,字玄伯,清河东武城人。书法世家出身,其祖父为后赵书法家崔悦,父亲崔潜,为后燕黄门侍郎,善书。其后父子相传,以至于宏,宏少有俊才,号称“冀州神童”,北魏初累官至吏部尚书、天部大人,赐爵白马公。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">崔浩是崔宏长子,后魏《孝文皇帝吊比干文》传为崔浩书。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钟繇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钟绍京</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钟绍京,唐虔州赣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">今江西赣州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">人,字可大。钟繇十世孙。擅书,尤工小楷。时号</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小钟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,以繇为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">大钟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。唐武则天时甚为所重。他嗜书成癖,家藏王羲之、王献之、褚遂良真迹至数十百卷。宋曾巩《元丰类稿》云:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">绍京字画妍媚,遒劲有法,诚少与为比。宋米芾《书史》称钟绍京书“笔势圆劲”。明董其昌说:“绍京笔法精妙,回腕藏锋,得子敬神髓。赵文敏正书实祖之。”有《转轮王经》、《灵飞经》等作品传世。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钟繇,三国魏河南长葛人,字符常,官至太傅,故世称钟太傅。钟繇善书法,师曹喜、蔡邕、刘德升。钟繇真书绝世,刚柔备焉,点画之间,多有异趣,可谓幽深无际,古雅有余,秦汉以来,一人而已。晋卫恒《四体书势》评论说“魏初,有钟、胡(注:钟,钟繇。胡,胡昭。)二家为行书法,俱学于刘德升,而钟氏小异,然亦各有其巧,今盛于世。”王羲之《书论》则称:“余览钟繇书,骨甚是不轻。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">唐张怀瓘则说:“若真书古雅,道合神明,则元常第一。”(《书断》)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李阳冰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李白</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李阳冰,字少温,赵郡(今河北赵县)人,为李白祖叔。曾为缙云令、当涂令。历集贤院学士,晚为少监,人称李监。李白晚年遇敕而归,投奔冰阳而终。白死,阳冰为其编诗并作序。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李阳冰的小篆祖李斯《峄山碑》,承玉筋笔法,然在体势上变其法。线条上变平整为婉曲流动,显得婀娜多姿。《金壶记》称“阳冰尤精书学,豪骏墨劲,当时人谓曰笔虎。”张旭的笔法也曾得到李阳冰的传授。李阳冰的碑刻有《三坟记》、《城隍庙碑》、《书谦卦》、《滑台新驿记》、《殷若台》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李白,字太白,号清莲居士。祖籍陇西成纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">今甘肃省秦安东</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">虽然李白的书名为诗名所掩,但是在历代书史专著里仍然有着记载。宋黄山谷曾经评说:“李白在开元,天宝间,不以能书传。今其行,草殊不减古人”。清人周星莲《临池管见》也说太白书“新鲜秀活,呼吸清淑,摆脱尘凡,飘飘乎有仙气。”可见作为唐代最杰出的浪漫主义诗人,在他的书法作品中也充满着浪漫主义的写意情调。字如其人,李白为人是豪俊与飘逸相统一,李白书法的代表作《上阳台》、《送贺八归越》形体是豪俊的,气颜是飘逸的。李白书法只见于行、草二体,与其性格个性是一致的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询、欧阳通,父子,唐代著名书法家,人称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">大小欧阳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询,字信本,潭州临湘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">今湖南省长沙市</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">人。自幼敏悟,长大后博通经史,在隋时书法就很有名,曾任太常博士。唐高祖即位,官给事中,与裴矩、陈叔达共同编纂《艺文类聚》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询书法远承魏、晋,在六朝朴茂峻整的基础上创造了自己的风格面貌。他用笔从古隶中出,所以能凝重沉着,转折处干净利落;结体紧结,方正浑穆,有一种极为森严的气度,而在雍容大度中,又有险劲之趣。欧书的特色可用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">险劲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二字来概括。欧阳询的书名在当时已远播国外,他与虞世南、褚遂良、薛稷并称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">初唐四家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,他的书体称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">流传至今传为欧阳询的墨迹有《卜商帖》、《张翰帖》、《梦奠帖》和行书《千字文》等。刻传世的有:《九成宫醴泉铭》</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《皇甫诞碑》,《化度寺邕禅师塔铭》,《虞恭公温彦博碑》,立隶书碑刻有《宗圣观记碑》、《房彦谦碑》等,小楷有《心经》、《九歌》、《千字文》等。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">欧阳询儿子欧阳通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">字通师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">书法学习父亲,称小欧,险劲横轶,往往过其父,但缺少欧阳询方正浑穆、雍容大度的风貌。传世作品有《道因法师碑》和《泉男生墓志》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苏轼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苏辙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苏过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苏派书法的开创者为苏轼,在东坡书风的追随者中,除了他的弟弟苏辙、子苏过,颇有时誉的书法家曾肇、王安石、王巩等亦染有苏风,金朝蔡松年、蔡硅父子亦学东坡,形成了苏派书法群体。苏轼,字子瞻,号东坡居士,眉州眉山(今属四川)人。是北宋时期最伟大的文学艺术家,在诗、散文、词、书法、绘画方面都有杰出成就。书法与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称“苏黄米蔡”,是宋代尚意书法的代表,与尚韵书法的代表王羲之、尚法书法的代表颜真卿可谓三峰并立。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米芾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米友仁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">吴激</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王庭筠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米芾是“宋四家”中对后世影响最大的书法家书法史上,创造了堪称经典的“米氏书风”,对当时及后世都有较大的影响。在米氏家族中,米芾之子米友仁、之婿吴激以及他的外甥王庭筠都深得米氏家风,除此之外,宋高宗、张惇、王升、张孝祥等都宗法于他,形成了颇有声势的米派书法家群。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米芾,字符章,号鹿门居士、襄阳漫士、海岳外史,北宋著名大书画家,鉴藏家。祖籍太原,后迁居襄阳,人称“米襄阳”。宣和年间为徽宗赵佶召为书画学博士。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米芾能诗擅文,书画尤具功力。篆、隶、行、草、楷各体皆能,行草造诣尤高,用笔豪迈,“风樯阵马,沉着痛快”。芾自云学过各家各派,但从其作品观之,得王献之、释智永二家最多。与苏轼、黄庭坚、蔡襄合称“宋四家”。传世书法有《蜀素贴》、《苕溪诗》等,著作有书史、画史等,后人辑有《宝晋英光集》等。另着有《书史》、《画史》、《海岳名言》等,对前人多有讥贬,然决不因袭古人语,为历代书家所重。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">●<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵佶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">历史上,皇帝擅书者不少,但真正能以书名世者不多,在皇族中,父子均擅书者更为少见,赵佶,赵构父子即为其一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵佶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1082-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1135)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,即宋徽宗,是著名的书画家。他的书与画均可彪炳史册,其书,首创“瘦金书”体;其画尤好花鸟,称“院体”,充满盎然富贵之气。赵佶倡导文艺,使承继五代旧制的“翰林图画院”又营运了一百多年。在他的倡导下,还编撰了《宣和画谱》、《宣和书谱》两部图书,辑录了大量名家书画,成为我国书画史上的重要资料。这位皇帝虽然在政治上昏庸无能,但其对文化艺术的发展作出了杰出贡献,应予肯定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1107</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1180</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)即宋高宗,赵佶的儿子,在位三十六年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">政治上无能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">成偏安之局,然精于书法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">善真、行、草书。其书法所得颇深。著《翰墨志》一卷。不同于北宋文人那种主意派的书法艺术观,赵构以其自身的学书实践向往古典气息的高雅风格的书法道路,主张并强调书法的基础在于古典。这是具有很大意义的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵孟頫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">管道升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">历史上为数不多的以书画名世的夫妻。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">赵孟頫,元代书画家、文学家。字子昴,号松雪道人,湖州人。宋太祖子秦王德芳的后裔。宋灭亡后,归故乡闲居,后来奉元世祖征召,历仕五朝,官至翰林学士承旨,荣禄大夫,封魏国公,谥文敏。精通音乐,善鉴定古器物,其诗清邃奇逸,书画尤为擅名,篆籀分隶真草书俱佳,以真书、行书造诣最深、影响最广。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他在书法上提倡复古,博采众长,自成一格,楷、行、草书无一不精,有“赵体”之称,对后代影响很大。在绘画方面,赵孟頫擅长山水、鞍马、花鸟、人物。他反对南宋的院体,开一代风气,成为元代画坛的领袖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">传世书迹较多,有《洛神赋》、《道德经》、《胆巴碑》、《玄妙观重修三门记》、《临黄庭经》、独孤本《兰亭十一跋》、《四体千字文》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">管道升,字仲姬,赵孟頫妻,封吴兴郡夫人,人称管夫人。管道升工翰墨词章,所写行楷与赵孟頫书风相似,难辨同异。手写的《璇玑图诗》五色相间,笔法工绝。善画墨竹梅兰,晴竹新篁,为她始创。现存世有《水竹图》等卷,收藏于北京故宫博物院。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沈度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沈粲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沈度、沈粲兄弟,明松江府华亭县人,名重一时,并称“二沈先生”、“大小学士”,均善书,度以婉丽取胜,粲以遒逸见长。董其昌对二沈颇推崇,称“文</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">征明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、祝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">允明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二家,一时之标,然欲突过二沈,未能也。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沈度(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1357</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1434</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">),字民则,号自乐。华亭(属今上海淞江)人,善写各体,其书婉丽飘逸,雍容矩度,明太宗尤重度书,李绍《皇朝世说新语》载:“太宗征善书者试而官之,最喜云间二沈学士,尤重度书,每称曰:我朝王羲之。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">官至侍讲学士。现存书法作品有《楷书敬斋箴》、《楷书盘谷序》等(藏故宫博物院)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沈粲,字民望,号简庵。官太常少卿。尤工草书,学宋克而参以锺繇,行笔圆熟,意趣遒逸。丰坊《书诀》称其“学宋克而得锺(繇)体,大非其兄所及”。被人们称为“草圣”。王世贞称他为“章法尤精,足称米南宫入室”。代表作有《梁武帝草书状》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; tab-stops: list 49.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings;">l<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文征明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文彭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文嘉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“一门三父子”的最好例证之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文征明(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1470</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1559</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年),初名壁,字征明,后更字征仲,号停云,别号衡山居士,人称文衡山。长洲(今苏州)人。“吴门画派”创始人之一。与唐伯虎、祝枝山、徐祯卿并称“江南四大才子”(也称吴门四才子)。与沈周、唐伯虎、仇英合称“明四家”。在书法方面,文征明工行草书,尤擅小楷,篆、隶、正、草无所不能。所书四体千字文,成为后人临摹的范本。他与祝允明、王宠,同被誉为明代书法“三大家”。他的传世书作有《醉翁事记》、《股王阁序》、《赤壁赋》等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文征明的长子文彭,字寿承,号三桥,曾任两京国子监博士,人称文国博。诗、书、印均传其家法,均有造诣。尤精篆刻,风格工稳,章法疏朗,开创了印学史上第一个流派——“吴门派”,又称“三桥派”,与何震并称“文何”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">次子文嘉,字体承,号文水,江苏苏州人。官和州学正。工小楷,继承家学。好作诗,精于鉴别古书画,着有《钤山堂书画记》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以上所辑为书史上比较著名的家族书法相传的例子,除此之外还有很多,因资料和见识所限,不可尽知,望有兴趣的同道继续整理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p>
裴志强 河南新安一高471800 QQ:108026414 电子信箱:PIPI275@SOHU.COM 我的博客:http://pipi275.blog.com.cn

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发表于 2006-8-10 19:21:26 |只看该作者
不错,学习了1~
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发表于 2006-8-11 04:09:22 |只看该作者
好帖,欢迎多上!
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