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开国大典的资料 [复制链接]

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发表于 2006-9-14 07:22:20 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
<font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">聂荣臻任阅兵总指挥</span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""></span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><p class="MsoNormal"><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">开国大典前中央人民政府及政务院尚未成立,筹备工作主要由刚成立的北平市人民政府承担。事亦凑巧,市长兼军管会主任叶剑英</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">8</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月就被内定调华南工作,准备解放广东,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月初就到江西赣州去了。中央任命时任副总参谋长、华北局第三书记、华北军区司令员、京津卫戍司令员的聂荣臻接任。当中央决定在开国大典上要进行阅兵时,中央军委又任命他担任阅兵总指挥。虽然北平市各机关团体、各民主党派共</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">25</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个单位到</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日才正式集会成立筹委会,并公推聂荣臻为主任委员,但实际筹备工作早已开始。从整修天安门会场、树立旗杆、组织群众、准备鸣放礼炮焰火,特别是训练受阅部队,以及布置保卫会场安全等,都要在一个多月时间中完成。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">开国大典的安全工作十分重要。北平解放不久,城内潜伏特务难以一下肃清,而且国民党飞机还会来袭扰。当年</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">5</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日,国民党就从青岛派出</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">B</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">24</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">型轰炸机轰炸南苑,投弹</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">枚,毁伤我飞机</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架,房屋</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">196</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">间,死伤</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">24</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">人,因此聂荣臻一直十分重视防空问题。我们空军还未正式组建。军委有一个航空局,专门在南苑机场组建了一个飞行中队,担任北平防空。聂荣臻考虑很细,下令万一敌机前来,在场人员一定要原地不动,不能乱跑,听从指挥;对受阅的</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1978</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">匹战马也都作了安排。当然这一切是在中央领导之下进行的,周恩来常常具体过问。如</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日中央领导人的车队如何从中南海开到天安门下,周恩来带罗瑞卿都曾亲去检查。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">庆典前中央人民政府举行首次会议</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">当时的中央人民政府是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日由人民政协第一届全体会议选出的。主席毛泽东、副主席朱德、刘少奇、宋庆龄、李济深、张澜、高岗,委员有陈毅、贺龙、李立三、林伯渠、叶剑英、何香凝等</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">56</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">人。当日下午</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">时,全体代表利用统计选票时间在天安门广场参加人民英雄纪念碑奠基典礼,尔后回到会场才宣布上述结果。简短隆重的闭幕式,由毛泽东主持,朱德致闭幕词,奏义勇军进行曲。主席台上第一次悬挂了五星红旗。散会时天已经很晚了。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">习惯晚上办公批阅文件的毛泽东,这一天夜以继日一直工作到</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日凌晨</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">点多</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">见李银桥《在毛泽东身边十五年》</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中央人民政府委员会首次会议于</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日下午二时在勤政殿召开。全体宣布就职,中央人民政府正式成立。随即,选林伯渠为秘书长,任命周恩来为政务院总理兼外交部长,毛泽东为人民革命军事委员会主席,朱德为人民解放军总司令,沈钧儒为最高人民法院院长,罗荣桓为最高人民检察署检察长,并责成他们从速组成各项政府机关。会议还宣布接受共同纲领为施政方针,并通知各外国政府只有这个政府才是中国惟一合法政府,并愿与各国建立平等的外交关系。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">会议开完,全体领导人乘车出中南海东门,到天安门后下车登楼,下午三时庆典准时开始。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">开国大典时的天安门会场</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">举行开国大典时天安门修葺一新,城楼上横标为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立典礼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,正中悬挂毛主席的巨幅画像</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(40</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">年代着冠照</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。两旁的标语东为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中央人民政府万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,西为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中华人民共和国万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。没有国徽,因为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">25</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">26</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日政协的座谈会及审查委员会上认为还要修改,所以</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">27</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日全体会议上只通过了国旗、国歌、国都、纪年</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个决议。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">那时,东西三座门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">正式名称为长安左门、长安右门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">及南面长长的甬道,甬道两边长长的红墙,正南门即砖石结构的中华门都还存在,形成了一个丁字形的封闭的会场。与</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">8</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个月前北平刚解放时的天安门前比较,可说是焕然一新,宽广平坦得多了。此外在现在国旗旗杆的地方已竖了一根当时看来已很高的旗杆,旗杆上有一个金色的顶。中华门外正阳门、前门箭楼两旁的许多建筑物上都张灯挂旗。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北平东站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北平西站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">的大字一夜间都改成</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北京东站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北京西站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">了。会场里的工人、学生、干部、市民、城防部队都举了临时赶制的五星红旗及其他红旗、红灯和彩色小旗,特别是用红绢糊的大小不同的五角星灯,真是成了红旗红灯的海洋,只有市民中戴了小白帽的回民同胞举着绿底白色的星月旗,显得分外不同。会场上的群众共达</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万人,分区席地而坐,很有秩序。金水桥北没有现在的观礼台,但搭了两个简单的台子,一个供大会指挥用,一个给惟一的外宾观礼团,这就是前一天刚到的以法捷耶夫为首的苏联文化艺术科学工作者代表团。受检阅部队则站在东长安街。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">那时交通工具少,群众近则列队步行来,远的坐火车来。我当时所在的单位,临时编为华北革大第四部,住在西苑大院。华北革大七八千人的队伍迤逦一里许要步行到清华园车站。天未亮起床,到车站已</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">点,乘装煤的黑敞篷车,走了两小时才到前门车站。经过西直门车站时还见到门头沟工人也坐火车来。虽然</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">旅途</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">这样艰苦,但大家情绪高涨。在前门席地而坐等到下午两点才安排进入会场,午饭是馒头凉水,每人领到三块糖、两个梨,是节日优待。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">毛主席在天安门上讲话</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">庄严隆重的开国大典终于在</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日下午</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">3</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">时开始。那天早晨是阴天,上午和中午还下了一点小雨,但下午却放晴了,真是老天也和万民同庆。典礼的程序是:中央人民政府秘书长宣布开会;中央人民政府主席就位,副主席就位,委员就位;奏义勇军进行曲;中央人民政府主席宣布中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立,并升国旗</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">同时鸣礼炮,礼炮毕</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">;中央人民政府主席宣读中央人民政府公告;阅兵;游行。毛泽东主席宣读的公告,约九百字,虽未收入新出的八卷本《毛泽东文集》,但收入了《建国以来毛泽东文稿》第一册及《共和国档案</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1949</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1996</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">》。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">提到开国大典,人们很容易想到毛泽东主席那句震古铄今的名言:</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中国人民从此站起来了</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。然而这句话,并不是毛泽东在天安门楼上讲的,而是在此之前的</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日的政协开幕词中讲的。原文是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">诸位代表先生们:我们有一个共同的感觉,这就是我们的工作将写在人类的历史上,它将表明:占人类总数四分之一的中国人从此站立起来了。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">这篇文章已收入《毛泽东文集》。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">还可提及的是升国旗、鸣礼炮。鸣礼炮从北平解放后已是第三次。第一次是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日晚天安门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">20</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万群众纪念抗战</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">12</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">周年及政协筹委会召开时放的。第二次是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日新政协开幕时鸣了礼炮</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响。这次开国大典则以</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">门礼炮鸣</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">门礼炮象征全国</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个民族</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">当时还未有现在</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">56</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个民族之说</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响象征中国共产党领导全国人民经历</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">年艰苦奋斗才取得新民主主义革命胜利。正在礼炮轰鸣时,毛主席按动电钮,五星红旗冉冉升起。在场群众都把红旗红灯高高举起,成了一片红色的海洋。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">朱总司令下达总部命令</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">毛主席宣读完公告后,阅兵开始。检阅司令员是中国人民解放军总司令朱德,阅兵总指挥是聂荣臻。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">首先由聂荣臻陪同朱总司令坐敞篷车开始检阅。检阅毕,朱总司令回到城楼主席台宣读《中国人民解放军总部命令》,命令的最重要内容为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">坚决执行中央人民政府和伟大的人民领袖毛主席的一切命令,迅速肃清国民党反动军队的残余,解放一切尚未解放的国土,同时肃清土匪和其他一切反革命匪徒,镇压他们的一切反抗和捣乱行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">因为当时华南的两广海南、华东的福建一部分、西南全部</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">四川、西康、贵州、云南、西藏</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">均未解放,新疆虽宣布和平起义,解放军尚未到达迪化</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">乌鲁木齐</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,更不要说还有台湾,所以朱总司令的命令是有针对性的。命令宣布后,进行分列式。受阅部队以海军两个排为前导,接着是一个步兵师、一个炮兵师、一个战车师、一个骑兵师相继跟进。空军包括战斗机、蚊式机、教练机共</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">14</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架在全场上空自东向西飞行受阅。前后历时</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">3</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">小时。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">难忘的群众大游行</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">整个阅兵结束后,群众游行开始。一批批群众队伍,无不迫切希望走到城楼前,看到衷心敬爱的毛主席。天很快黑了下来,天安门楼上的灯光突然照亮,上面是一串红橙色的灯,下面好像是三道粉青色电虹灯,再加上巨大的探照灯光射向全场,灯光闪闪,好似波浪。焰火在天安门附近三处施放,五彩缤纷,此起彼落。群众手里举的纸灯、纱灯也都点亮了,广场上是灯的海洋。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">等到八点多钟,华北革大七八千人的队伍才在华北大学之后行动。队伍慢慢走近金水桥,只听见城楼上扩音器传出</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">的声音,才知道是毛主席在回应华大同学的欢呼。我们紧跟着走过金水桥,大声高呼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">毛主席万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,这时才见到城楼上大宫灯前毛主席那魁梧的身躯,他不戴帽子,挥动着手用湖南口音高呼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,有时还喊</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">同志们万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,这时我们都感到毛主席看见我们了,口号喊得更为起劲,血都要沸腾了。我们还看到少奇同志,看到他身旁的女同志,我们猜一定是宋庆龄副主席。我们把手举到头顶鼓掌,主席台的领导人也鼓掌,人民的领袖们真是和我们心连心。</span></font></p></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">开国大典前中央人民政府及政务院尚未成立,筹备工作主要由刚成立的北平市人民政府承担。事亦凑巧,市长兼军管会主任叶剑英</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">8</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月就被内定调华南工作,准备解放广东,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月初就到江西赣州去了。中央任命时任副总参谋长、华北局第三书记、华北军区司令员、京津卫戍司令员的聂荣臻接任。当中央决定在开国大典上要进行阅兵时,中央军委又任命他担任阅兵总指挥。虽然北平市各机关团体、各民主党派共</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">25</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个单位到</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日才正式集会成立筹委会,并公推聂荣臻为主任委员,但实际筹备工作早已开始。从整修天安门会场、树立旗杆、组织群众、准备鸣放礼炮焰火,特别是训练受阅部队,以及布置保卫会场安全等,都要在一个多月时间中完成。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">开国大典的安全工作十分重要。北平解放不久,城内潜伏特务难以一下肃清,而且国民党飞机还会来袭扰。当年</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">5</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日,国民党就从青岛派出</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">B</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">24</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">型轰炸机轰炸南苑,投弹</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">枚,毁伤我飞机</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架,房屋</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">196</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">间,死伤</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">24</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">人,因此聂荣臻一直十分重视防空问题。我们空军还未正式组建。军委有一个航空局,专门在南苑机场组建了一个飞行中队,担任北平防空。聂荣臻考虑很细,下令万一敌机前来,在场人员一定要原地不动,不能乱跑,听从指挥;对受阅的</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1978</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">匹战马也都作了安排。当然这一切是在中央领导之下进行的,周恩来常常具体过问。如</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日中央领导人的车队如何从中南海开到天安门下,周恩来带罗瑞卿都曾亲去检查。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">庆典前中央人民政府举行首次会议</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">当时的中央人民政府是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日由人民政协第一届全体会议选出的。主席毛泽东、副主席朱德、刘少奇、宋庆龄、李济深、张澜、高岗,委员有陈毅、贺龙、李立三、林伯渠、叶剑英、何香凝等</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">56</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">人。当日下午</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">时,全体代表利用统计选票时间在天安门广场参加人民英雄纪念碑奠基典礼,尔后回到会场才宣布上述结果。简短隆重的闭幕式,由毛泽东主持,朱德致闭幕词,奏义勇军进行曲。主席台上第一次悬挂了五星红旗。散会时天已经很晚了。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">习惯晚上办公批阅文件的毛泽东,这一天夜以继日一直工作到</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日凌晨</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">6</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">点多</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">见李银桥《在毛泽东身边十五年》</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中央人民政府委员会首次会议于</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日下午二时在勤政殿召开。全体宣布就职,中央人民政府正式成立。随即,选林伯渠为秘书长,任命周恩来为政务院总理兼外交部长,毛泽东为人民革命军事委员会主席,朱德为人民解放军总司令,沈钧儒为最高人民法院院长,罗荣桓为最高人民检察署检察长,并责成他们从速组成各项政府机关。会议还宣布接受共同纲领为施政方针,并通知各外国政府只有这个政府才是中国惟一合法政府,并愿与各国建立平等的外交关系。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">会议开完,全体领导人乘车出中南海东门,到天安门后下车登楼,下午三时庆典准时开始。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">开国大典时的天安门会场</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">举行开国大典时天安门修葺一新,城楼上横标为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立典礼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,正中悬挂毛主席的巨幅画像</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(40</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">年代着冠照</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。两旁的标语东为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中央人民政府万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,西为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中华人民共和国万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。没有国徽,因为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">25</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">26</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日政协的座谈会及审查委员会上认为还要修改,所以</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">27</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日全体会议上只通过了国旗、国歌、国都、纪年</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">4</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个决议。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">那时,东西三座门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">正式名称为长安左门、长安右门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">及南面长长的甬道,甬道两边长长的红墙,正南门即砖石结构的中华门都还存在,形成了一个丁字形的封闭的会场。与</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">8</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个月前北平刚解放时的天安门前比较,可说是焕然一新,宽广平坦得多了。此外在现在国旗旗杆的地方已竖了一根当时看来已很高的旗杆,旗杆上有一个金色的顶。中华门外正阳门、前门箭楼两旁的许多建筑物上都张灯挂旗。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北平东站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北平西站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">的大字一夜间都改成</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北京东站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">北京西站</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">了。会场里的工人、学生、干部、市民、城防部队都举了临时赶制的五星红旗及其他红旗、红灯和彩色小旗,特别是用红绢糊的大小不同的五角星灯,真是成了红旗红灯的海洋,只有市民中戴了小白帽的回民同胞举着绿底白色的星月旗,显得分外不同。会场上的群众共达</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">30</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万人,分区席地而坐,很有秩序。金水桥北没有现在的观礼台,但搭了两个简单的台子,一个供大会指挥用,一个给惟一的外宾观礼团,这就是前一天刚到的以法捷耶夫为首的苏联文化艺术科学工作者代表团。受检阅部队则站在东长安街。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">那时交通工具少,群众近则列队步行来,远的坐火车来。我当时所在的单位,临时编为华北革大第四部,住在西苑大院。华北革大七八千人的队伍迤逦一里许要步行到清华园车站。天未亮起床,到车站已</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">点,乘装煤的黑敞篷车,走了两小时才到前门车站。经过西直门车站时还见到门头沟工人也坐火车来。虽然</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">旅途</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">这样艰苦,但大家情绪高涨。在前门席地而坐等到下午两点才安排进入会场,午饭是馒头凉水,每人领到三块糖、两个梨,是节日优待。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">毛主席在天安门上讲话</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">庄严隆重的开国大典终于在</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">10</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日下午</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">3</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">时开始。那天早晨是阴天,上午和中午还下了一点小雨,但下午却放晴了,真是老天也和万民同庆。典礼的程序是:中央人民政府秘书长宣布开会;中央人民政府主席就位,副主席就位,委员就位;奏义勇军进行曲;中央人民政府主席宣布中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立,并升国旗</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">同时鸣礼炮,礼炮毕</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">;中央人民政府主席宣读中央人民政府公告;阅兵;游行。毛泽东主席宣读的公告,约九百字,虽未收入新出的八卷本《毛泽东文集》,但收入了《建国以来毛泽东文稿》第一册及《共和国档案</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1949</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">1996</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">》。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">提到开国大典,人们很容易想到毛泽东主席那句震古铄今的名言:</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">中国人民从此站起来了</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">。然而这句话,并不是毛泽东在天安门楼上讲的,而是在此之前的</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日的政协开幕词中讲的。原文是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">诸位代表先生们:我们有一个共同的感觉,这就是我们的工作将写在人类的历史上,它将表明:占人类总数四分之一的中国人从此站立起来了。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">这篇文章已收入《毛泽东文集》。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">还可提及的是升国旗、鸣礼炮。鸣礼炮从北平解放后已是第三次。第一次是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">7</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日晚天安门</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">20</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万群众纪念抗战</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">12</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">周年及政协筹委会召开时放的。第二次是</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">9</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">月</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">21</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">日新政协开幕时鸣了礼炮</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响。这次开国大典则以</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">门礼炮鸣</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">门礼炮象征全国</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">54</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个民族</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">当时还未有现在</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">56</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">个民族之说</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">响象征中国共产党领导全国人民经历</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">28</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">年艰苦奋斗才取得新民主主义革命胜利。正在礼炮轰鸣时,毛主席按动电钮,五星红旗冉冉升起。在场群众都把红旗红灯高高举起,成了一片红色的海洋。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">朱总司令下达总部命令</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">毛主席宣读完公告后,阅兵开始。检阅司令员是中国人民解放军总司令朱德,阅兵总指挥是聂荣臻。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">首先由聂荣臻陪同朱总司令坐敞篷车开始检阅。检阅毕,朱总司令回到城楼主席台宣读《中国人民解放军总部命令》,命令的最重要内容为</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">坚决执行中央人民政府和伟大的人民领袖毛主席的一切命令,迅速肃清国民党反动军队的残余,解放一切尚未解放的国土,同时肃清土匪和其他一切反革命匪徒,镇压他们的一切反抗和捣乱行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">因为当时华南的两广海南、华东的福建一部分、西南全部</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">四川、西康、贵州、云南、西藏</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">均未解放,新疆虽宣布和平起义,解放军尚未到达迪化</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">(</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">乌鲁木齐</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">)</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,更不要说还有台湾,所以朱总司令的命令是有针对性的。命令宣布后,进行分列式。受阅部队以海军两个排为前导,接着是一个步兵师、一个炮兵师、一个战车师、一个骑兵师相继跟进。空军包括战斗机、蚊式机、教练机共</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">14</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">架在全场上空自东向西飞行受阅。前后历时</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">3</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">小时。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">难忘的群众大游行</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font size="3">整个阅兵结束后,群众游行开始。一批批群众队伍,无不迫切希望走到城楼前,看到衷心敬爱的毛主席。天很快黑了下来,天安门楼上的灯光突然照亮,上面是一串红橙色的灯,下面好像是三道粉青色电虹灯,再加上巨大的探照灯光射向全场,灯光闪闪,好似波浪。焰火在天安门附近三处施放,五彩缤纷,此起彼落。群众手里举的纸灯、纱灯也都点亮了,广场上是灯的海洋。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="3" new="" roman="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">等到八点多钟,华北革大七八千人的队伍才在华北大学之后行动。队伍慢慢走近金水桥,只听见城楼上扩音器传出</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">、</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">的声音,才知道是毛主席在回应华大同学的欢呼。我们紧跟着走过金水桥,大声高呼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">毛主席万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,这时才见到城楼上大宫灯前毛主席那魁梧的身躯,他不戴帽子,挥动着手用湖南口音高呼</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,有时还喊</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">“</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">同志们万岁</span><span lang="EN-US" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""><font face="Times" new="" roman="">”</font></span><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size="">,这时我们都感到毛主席看见我们了,口号喊得更为起劲,血都要沸腾了。我们还看到少奇同志,看到他身旁的女同志,我们猜一定是宋庆龄副主席。我们把手举到头顶鼓掌,主席台的领导人也鼓掌,人民的领袖们真是和我们心连心。</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span 宋体="" mso-ascii-font-family="" mso-hansi-font-family="" black="" font-family="" mso-bidi-font-size=""></span></font>&nbsp;</p>
蜀中临邛;白沫江畔

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杰出贡献勋章

2#
发表于 2006-9-14 16:22:35 |只看该作者
<p>对那段历史又有了进一步的了解!</p><p>小砖辛苦了!</p>

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